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Evolution Korea In the fight over evolution, Korean scientists aren't taking their chances. The Society for Textbook Revise (STR) has been campaigning to have Archaeopteryx and horses removed from textbooks, claiming they are common symbols of evolutionism. Confucian traditions with their emphasis on the importance of success in the world and their high value of learning still dominates the culture of the country. However, Korea is seeking an alternative model of development. Origins The growth of Iron Age culture brought more sophisticated states like Goguryeo Baekje and Silla to the Korean peninsula. Each of them had their own distinct cultural style that blended with the influence from their powerful neighbours. They also adopted aspects of Chinese culture, including Confucianism, Buddhism and shamanism. Goguryeo was the first of these kingdoms to impose its own version of government to the Korean people. It established a king-centered system of governance in the early 2nd century. It expanded its territory to Manchuria and the north of the Peninsula by several conflicts that drove the Han loyalists from the region. At this time the regional confederation of Buyeo was established. Its founder Wang Geon was given the title of king, and his name was recorded down in the 13th century Samguk yusa (Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms). Buyeo was changed to Goryeo, and thus the name was adopted by Korea. Goryeo was a major commercial state and also a place of learning. They raised sheep, goats as well as other livestock, and made furs from the animals. They performed masked dance dramas such as tallori and sandaenori. And they celebrated an annual festival in December called Yeonggo. The economy of Goryeo was stimulated by brisk trade with other countries which included the Song Dynasty of China. Byeongnando was the main entry point to Gaeseong, the capital of Gaeseong. Traders came from Central Asia, Arabia and Southeast Asia. Silk and medicinal herbs were among the items they brought. Around 8,000 BCE around 8,000 BCE, the Koreans began establishing permanent settlements and cultivating cereal crops. They also invented pottery and polished stone tools and began to organize themselves into clan societies. The Neolithic Age lasted until the 12th century BC. At the time, Gija, a Shang dynasty prince from China is believed to have introduced high-culture to Korea. Up until the 20th century, a lot of Koreans believed that Dangun and Gija gave Korea its people and their traditional culture, respectively. Functions Korea's old development model, which emphasized the role of capital accumulation by the state and government intervention in industries and business, contributed to rapid economic growth that catapulted it from one of the world's poorest economies to the ranks of OECD countries in three decades. However, the system was plagued by corruption and moral hazard which made it unsustainable in a world economy of trade liberalization, liberalization and democratization. The current crisis has exposed the weakness of the existing paradigm and it is likely that a new model will replace it. The chapters 3 and 4 look at the roots of Korea's government and business risk partnership and demonstrate how the emergence economic actors who had an interest in maintaining this system hindered Korea from making major changes. By focusing on corporate governance and allocation of financial resources, these chapters provide an in-depth examination of the underlying causes of the crisis, and point to ways of moving forward with reforms. Chapter 5 examines the possible paths for Korea's post-crisis evolution of the development paradigm, exploring both the legacies of the past as well as the new trends created by the IT revolution. It also examines how these changes will impact Korea's political and social structures. The main conclusion is that there are several emerging trends that are changing the nature of power and will determine the future of the country. For instance, despite the fact that participation in politics is still highly restricted in Korea new methods of political activism bypass and challenge the power of political parties, thereby transforming the democratic system in the country. Another significant finding is that the power of the Korean elite is not as strong as it once was, and that a large portion of society feels a sense of being disconnected from the ruling class. This is a sign of a need for more efforts in the field of civic education and participation and new models of power sharing. 에볼루션게이밍 concludes by stating that the success of Korea's new model of development will be determined by how these trends can be incorporated and the willingness of people to make difficult decisions. Benefits South Korea has the ninth largest economy in the world, and the sixth fastest-growing. It has a substantial and growing middle class and also a strong research and development base that is driving innovation. In addition, the government has recently increased investment in infrastructure projects to help economic growth and promote social equity. In 2008, Lee Myung Bak's administration introduced five indicators of leadership in an effort to establish an economic system that was focused on changes and practicality. It attempted to streamline the government's organization and privatize public corporations with more efficiency, and to overhaul administrative regulations. Since the end of Cold War, South Korea is pursuing a strategy for integration of its economy with the rest of the world and outside the region. Exports of high-tech consumer electronics and advanced manufacturing technologies have become a major source of income. The government is also encouraging Saemaeul Undong, which is an emerging community movement to transform the country from one which is primarily agricultural to one that is focused on manufacturing. The country enjoys a high quality of life and provides many benefits to employees, including maternity leave and job stability. Employers are also required to subscribe accident insurance, which covers the cost of workplace-related illnesses or injuries. It is also typical to have companies offer private medical insurance plans to protect against illnesses that are that are not covered by National Health Insurance. South Korea is viewed as a success model for many developing nations across the globe. The global financial crisis of 1997, which swept Asia and the world, challenged this notion. The crisis shattered conventional wisdom about Asia's miraculous economies and resulted in a radical rethinking of the role of the state in regulating risky private economic activities. In the wake of this shift it appears that Korea's future is still unclear. A new generation of leaders have embraced the image of a “strong leader” and are beginning to explore market-oriented policies. A strong power base in the domestic arena makes it difficult to implement any radical change. Disadvantages The reemergence of the creationists is a major obstacle to Korean science's efforts in educating the public about evolution. While the majority of Koreans support the teaching of evolution in schools, some creationist groups — led by a microbiologist named Bun-Sam Lim who is the president of the Society for Textbook Revise (STR)—is pushing for its deletion from textbooks. STR argues teaching evolution promotes a “materialist atheism” and portrays a “unhopeful worldview” for students. This can cause students to lose faith in humanity. The reasons behind anti-evolutionary sentiments are complex and diverse. Some researchers suggest that it is due to religious belief, while others point to an increasing prevalence of anti-intellectualism, which has been exacerbated by growing political elite fragmentation along ideologies, regions, class, and gender. The one-sided populism, supported by powerful conservative think groups, business interests, and other influential organizations, has also contributed to the public's distrust of the scientific community. In the end, the numerous vulnerabilities discovered in this study point to an urgent need for targeted policy interventions that can minimize the risks. As Seoul continues to pursue its goal of becoming a more cohesive urban environment, these insights serve as an impetus for an unifying push for greater inclusiveness in its policies. In the case of the COVID-19 pandemic, pinpointing vulnerable neighborhoods and their occupants is essential for crafting detailed, empathetic policy measures to ensure their security and well-being. The disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on Jjokbangs for instance is a reflection of the socio-economic differences that could increase vulnerability to natural and man-made catastrophes. To overcome this, South Korea needs a more inclusive civil society that brings all communities together to solve the city's most pressing challenges. This requires a fundamental change in the structure of institutional politics, starting with the power of the president. At present, the Blue House is able to mobilize a huge bureaucracy as well as strategically leverage the Supreme Prosecutor's Office and intelligence bureau, which all lack any checks from the parliamentary bodies or independent inspection agencies. This gives the president a huge power to force his or her views on the rest of the country. This is a recipe that could lead to polarization and stagnation of the country.